Popular Alternative
Popular Alternative Alternativa Popolare | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President | Paolo Alli |
| Coordinator | Stefano Bandecchi |
| Founder | Angelino Alfano |
| Founded | 18 March 2017 |
| Preceded by | New Centre-Right |
| Headquarters | Via Arcione 71, Rome |
| Ideology | Conservatism Christian democracy[1] |
| Political position | Centre[2][3] to centre-right[4][5] |
| European affiliation | European People's Party |
| Chamber of Deputies | 0 / 400 |
| Senate | 0 / 200 |
| European Parliament | 0 / 73 |
| Regional Councils | 0 / 897 |
| Website | |
| www.alternativapopolare.it | |
Popular Alternative (Italian: Alternativa Popolare, AP) is a Christian-democratic political party in Italy that was founded on 18 March 2017 after the dissolution of New Centre-Right (NCD),[6] one of the two parties that emerged at the break-up of The People of Freedom (PdL, the main Italian centre-right party from 2008 to 2013). "Popular" is a reference to popolarismo, the Italian variety of Christian democracy. The party has been a member of the European People's Party (EPP) since its foundation, having inherited the membership of the NCD.
The party's founder was Angelino Alfano, a former protége of Silvio Berlusconi and secretary of PdL (2011–2013) who has served as Minister of Justice (Berlusconi IV Cabinet, 2008–2011), Interior (Letta and Renzi Cabinets, 2013–2016) and Foreign Affairs (Gentiloni Cabinet, 2016–2018). In December 2017 Alfano announced that he would not stand in the 2018 general election and the party suffered the split of a large centre-right faction, whose members wanted to re-align with the centre-right coalition. The rump of the party continued its alliance with the Democratic Party, by formally entering the centre-left coalition, and, with Alfano's backing, Beatrice Lorenzin, Minister of Health since 2013, became AP's de facto leader until she left to join the Democratic Party in 2019.[7]
The party has been led by Stefano Bandecchi since 2022, but has failed to gain any national or regional representation, though it is still active at the local levels.[8]
History
[edit]Origins and background
[edit]In November 2013 The People of Freedom (PdL), the centre-right party led by Silvio Berlusconi, was transformed back into Forza Italia (FI). A group of dissidents, led by Angelino Alfano, opposed the move and launched the New Centre-Right (NCD).[9] Up to then, Alfano had been national secretary of the PdL and Berlusconi's protégé. Since its foundation, the NCD was part of the Italian governments successively led by Enrico Letta, Matteo Renzi and Paolo Gentiloni, all three members of the Democratic Party (PD), and Alfano served as Minister of the Interior and Foreign Affairs.
Foundation and early splits
[edit]On 18 March 2017 the NCD was dissolved into Popular Alternative (AP).[10] Alfano's aim was to build a centre-right alliance with FI, while being at odds with Lega Nord (LN) and the Brothers of Italy (FdI), deemed "populist".[11] Alfano also proposed a primary election to select the centre-right candidate for Prime Minister.[12]
Virtually all NCD's leading members (including Maurizio Lupi, Roberto Formigoni, Beatrice Lorenzin, Fabrizio Cicchitto, Antonio Gentile, Gabriele Albertini, Laura Bianconi, Giovanni La Via and Francesco Colucci) followed Alfano in the new party, while Maurizio Sacconi joined Stefano Parisi's Energies for Italy (EpI).[13][14][15]
Since its foundation AP was abandoned by five deputies (four re-joining FI, one joining the PD) and four senators (one joining FI, another the FdI and two the Federation of Freedom, FdL), while two deputies switched from the Liberal Popular Alliance (ALA).[16][17] One of the deputies who left the party was Enrico Costa, who also resigned as minister of Regional Affairs from Paolo Gentiloni's government[18][19][20] and aimed at forming a "liberal centre" with FI.[21]
Road to the 2018 general election
[edit]
In the run-up of the 2018 general election AP, which was soundly defeated in the 2017 Sicilian regional election, was divided in three camps: those who wanted an alliance with the PD (Lorenzin and Cicchitto), those who proposed to run as a stand-alone list (Lupi) and those who were keen on returning with the centre-right coalition (Formigoni). The decision by the party's national board was postponed several times.[22][23][24][25] In the meantime, Alfano announced that he would not stand in the election.[26][27]
On 12 December 2017 AP's national board approved a consent settlement, under which the two parliamentary groups would continue to be active in order to prepare the electoral participation of the two main factions: the one led by Lorenzin and Cicchitto (backed by Alfano) with the centre-left (under the "Popular Alternative" name), the one led by Lupi and Formigoni with the centre-right (reviving the "New Centre-Right" banner).[28][29] A few days later Gentile replaced Lupi as coordinator.[30]
On 19 December the group around Lupi and the former AP members close to Costa formed Us with Italy (NcI), a pro-Berlusconi centrist electoral list within the centre-right coalition, along with Direction Italy (DI), Civic Choice (SC), Act! (F!), Cantiere Popolare (CP) and the Movement for the Autonomies (MpA).[31][32][33] The list was later enlarged to the Union of the Centre (UdC)[34][35][36] and Identity and Action (IdeA),[37][38] with the goal of overcoming the 3% threshold under a new electoral law.
On 29 December AP formed the Popular Civic List (CP), a centrist electoral list within the centre-left coalition, along with Italy of Values (IdV), the Centrists for Europe (CpE), Solidary Democracy (DemoS), the Union for Trentino (UpT), Italy Is Popular (IP) and minor parties/groups, and Lorenzin was chosen as leader.[39][40][41] Contextually, Gentile stepped down from coordinator and announced his return to FI, while continuing to serve as undersecretary in Gentiloni's government.[42]
2018 general election and decline
[edit]CP obtained a mere 0.5%, but the rump of AP, led by Lorenzin, had two elects to the Chamber from single-seat constituencies: Lorenzin herself and Gabriele Toccafondi. NcI scored a little better with 1.3% of the vote and a handful of former AP members, notably including Lupi, were elected in single-seat constituencies.
In September 2018 Alfano stepped down from AP presidency and was replaced by Paolo Alli.
In the run-up to the 2019 European Parliament election the party formed a joint list with The People of Family,[43][44][45] a social-conservative party. However, the party was deeply fractured, as Lorenzin seemed to be supportive of the PD,[46][47] while former spokesperson Valentina Castaldini stood as candidate for FI.[48]
In September 2019 Lorenzin joined the PD,[49][50] while Toccafondi was a founding member of Renzi's Italia Viva party, thus leaving the party with no representatives in Parliament.[51][52]
In June 2022 entrepreneur Stefano Bandecchi was appointed coordinator of the party, a post previously held by Lorenzin.[53] In the 2023 Italian local elections Bandecchi was elected mayor of Terni, by beating the FdI candidate in all centre-right run-off.[54] In the following years, Bandecchi became quite notorious on national stage, due to his controversial and populist statements.
In the 2024 European Parliament election, the party ran its own list and was allowed by the Supreme Court of Cassation to do so without collecting any signature since it is affiliated with the European People's Party.[55] However, the list only received 0,39% of votes and thus failed to reach the 4% threshold.[56]
Ideology and factions
[edit]The party's ideology is that of the NCD, as the former is the perfect continuation of the latter. Despite being home to some social democrats (Reformism and Freedom, We Reformers), the party was mainly a Christian-democratic party with a social-conservative streak. According to Corriere della Sera, differently from FI, NCD's stances on the "so-called ethical issues" (abortion, LGBT rights, etc.) were "closer to those of the European traditionalist right" and "thus not very compatible with those of the EPP's parties in big countries such as (Germany)".[57] However, the party voted in favor of civil unions, whereas most FI members voted against it.[58] The NCD was also criticised by some Catholic associations for not opposing enough the teaching of gender studies in schools.[59] In addition, the NCD, as part of centre-left governments, proved more progressive than FI on the management of illegal immigration, which was negatively evaluated by Berlusconi's party.[60] Precisely for these and other reasons, several NCD politicians left the party to either form Identity and Action (IdeA) led by Gaetano Quagliariello or re-joined FI (e.g. Nunzia De Girolamo, Renato Schifani and Massimiliano Salini),[61] in both cases re-aligning with the FI-led centre-right coalition.[62] Some of the formerly NCD-affiliated factions or think tanks are now affiliated to AP:
- Network Italy (Rete Italia)[63] – ideology: Christian democracy; leader: Roberto Formigoni;
- Christian Populars (Cristiano Popolari)[64] – ideology: Christian democracy; leader: Mario Baccini;
- Christian Reformists (Cristiano Riformisti) – ideology: Christian democracy; leader: Antonio Mazzocchi;
- Reformism and Freedom (Riformismo e Libertà) – ideology: Social democracy; leader: Fabrizio Cicchitto;
- We Reformers (Noi Riformatori)[65] – ideology: Social democracy; leader: Francesco Colucci.
Election results
[edit]Italian Parliament
[edit]| Chamber of Deputies | ||||||
| Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | into Popular Civic | 0.54 | 2 / 630
|
–
|
||
| Senate of the Republic | ||||||
| Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | into Popular Civic | 0.52 | 0 / 315
|
–
|
||
European Parliament
[edit]| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | EP Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019[a] | Paolo Alli | 114,531 (12th) | 0.43 | 0 / 76
|
New | – |
| 2024 | Stefano Bandecchi | 91,288 (12th) | 0,39 | 0 / 76
|
 0
|
- ^ Run in a joint list with The People of Family.
Regional Councils
[edit]| Region | Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/− |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aosta Valley | 2018 | — | — | 0 / 35
|
–
|
| Piedmont | 2014 | 49,059 (7th)[a] | 3.5 | 0 / 50
|
–
|
| Lombardy | 2018 | 20,668 (14th)[b] | 0.4 | 0 / 80
|
–
|
| South Tyrol | 2018 | — | — | 0 / 35
|
–
|
| Trentino | 2018 | — | — | 0 / 35
|
–
|
| Veneto | 2015 | 37,937 (10th) | 2.0 | 1 / 51
|
 1 |
| Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 2018 | — | — | 0 / 49
|
–
|
| Emilia-Romagna | 2014 | 31,635 (7th)[a] | 2.6 | 0 / 50
|
–
|
| Liguria | 2015 | 9,269 (8th) | 1.7 | 1 / 50
|
1 |
| Tuscany | 2015 | 15,837 (8th) | 1.2 | 0 / 41
|
–
|
| Marche | 2015 | 21,049 (7th) | 4.0 | 1 / 31
|
1 |
| Umbria | 2015 | 9,285 (9th) | 2.6 | 0 / 20
|
–
|
| Lazio | 2018 | 6,073 (16th)[b] | 0.2 | 0 / 50
|
–
|
| Abruzzo | 2019 | — | — | 0 / 31
|
–
|
| Molise | 2018 | — | — | 0 / 21
|
–
|
| Campania | 2015 | 133,753 (5th) | 5.9 | 1 / 51
|
1 |
| Apulia | 2015 | 101,817 (7th) | 6.4 | 3 / 51
|
3 |
| Basilicata | 2019 | — | — | 0 / 21
|
–
|
| Calabria | 2014 | 47,574 (6th) | 6.1 | 3 / 30
|
3 |
| Sardinia | 2019 | — | — | 0 / 60
|
–
|
| Sicily | 2017 | 80,366 (10th) | 4.2 | 0 / 70
|
–
|
- ^ a b In a joint list with Union of the Centre.
- ^ a b Into Popular Civic List.
Leadership
[edit]- President: Angelino Alfano (2017–2018), Paolo Alli (2018–present)
- Coordinator: Maurizio Lupi (2017), Antonio Gentile (2017), Beatrice Lorenzin (2018–2019), Stefano Bandecchi (2022–present)
- Spokesperson: Valentina Castaldini (2017–2019)
- Party Leader in the Chamber of Deputies: Maurizio Lupi (2017–2018), Beatrice Lorenzin (2018–2019), Gianluca Rospi (2020–2021), Giorgio Silli (2021)
- Party Leader in the Senate: Laura Bianconi (2017–2018), Tiziana Drago (2020–2021)
- Party Leader in the European Parliament: Giovanni La Via (2017–2018)
References
[edit]- ^ Parties and Elections in Europe. Books on Demand. 2021. p. 315. ISBN 9783754355848.
- ^ Italy's Former PM Renzi Loses More Allies as Election Nears
- ^ Alfano says Torrisi must quit committee post or AP
- ^ Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021. CQ Press. 2021. ISBN 9781544384733.
- ^ Alfano 'not obliged' to tell Renzi he won't run for re-election
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- ^ valentina.puteri (16 June 2022). "Stefano Bandecchi nuovo Coordinatore Nazionale". Alternativa Popolare (in Italian). Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ Nicolas Bonnet (2015). "Silvo's Party". In Agnès Alexandre-Collier; François Vergniolle De Chantal (eds.). Leadership and Uncertainty Management in Politics: Leaders, Followers and Constraints in Western Democracies. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 105–106. ISBN 978-1-137-43924-6.
- ^ "Ncd si scioglie, Alfano battezza "Alternativa Popolare"". 18 March 2017.
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- ^ "Ncd addio, Alfano lancia Alternativa popolare: primarie per la leadership". 18 March 2017.
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- ^ "Perché si è dimesso il ministro Enrico Costa, centrista, tennista e non-palindromo".
- ^ "Costa lascia il governo Via al partito centrista che nasce contro Alfano". 20 July 2017.
- ^ "Andare da soli o allearsi con il Pd? Un'istruttoria per decidere. Alfano: "Se alleati, Renzi non sarà il nostro candidato premier" (di B. Acquaviti)". L’Huffington Post. 24 November 2017.
- ^ "Come si discute in Alternativa Popolare di Alfano su centrodestra e centrosinistra - Formiche.net". Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ "Con Renzi, Berlusconi o da soli. La lotta per la sopravvivenza degli alfaniani". Linkiesta. 4 December 2017.
- ^ "Ap, alfaniani spaccati in tre. Verso una doppia scissione. Tutti i nomi". Affaritaliani.it. 5 December 2017.
- ^ Stefanoni, Franco (12 June 2017). "Elezioni, Alfano: "Non mi ricandido. Ma non lascio la politica"". Corriere della Sera.
- ^ "Elezioni, Angelino Alfano: "Non mi ricandiderò in parlamento e non sarò ministro. Renzi? Non ci ho parlato"". Il Fatto Quotidiano. 6 December 2017.
- ^ "Alternativa Popolare, il partito si scioglie: "È una separazione consensuale". Per ora i gruppi parlamentari restano uniti – Il Fatto Quotidiano". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 12 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
- ^ "Alternativa Popolare, 'separati in casa' fino a fine legislatura". 12 December 2017 – via www.ilgiornale.it.
- ^ "Antonio Gentile nuovo coordinatore nazionale di Ap". Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ^ "Nasce "Noi con l'Italia", la lista dei centristi pro-Berlusconi". Repubblica.it. 19 December 2017.
- ^ ""Noi con l'Italia", ecco la quarta gamba del centrodestra: ex FI, leghisti espulsi e alfaniani pentiti". Il Fatto Quotidiano. 19 December 2017.
- ^ Curridori, Francesco (19 December 2017). "Nasce Noi con l'Italia, la 'quarta gamba' del centrodestra". ilGiornale.it.
- ^ "Udc-Noi con l'Italia, è accordo. Sulla lista torna lo scudo crociato". Affaritaliani.it. 29 December 2017.
- ^ Falci, Giuseppe Alberto (30 December 2017). "Nasce la stampella centrista di Forza Italia". Corriere della Sera.
- ^ Greco, Anna Maria (30 December 2017). "Berlusconi si appella ai delusi dalla politica: "Sarà sfida coi 5 Stelle"". ilGiornale.it.
- ^ "La tela Fitto-Cesa si allarga su 'Idea' di Gaetano Quagliariello". Affaritaliani.it. 5 January 2018.
- ^ Redazione (5 January 2018). "Saremo noi a garantire l'autosufficienza al centrodestra. Parla Gaetano Quagliariello". Formiche.net.
- ^ "Elezioni, Renzi attacca "l'innaturale alleanza popolari-populisti". Orlando chiede scelte condivise". Repubblica.it. 29 December 2017.
- ^ "Centrosinistra, c'è anche il terzo mini-alleato del Pd: Civica Popolare guidata dalla Lorenzin. Simbolo? Una margherita – Il Fatto Quotidiano". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 29 December 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
- ^ "Nasce "Civica Popolare", lista centrista alleata con il Pd: Lorenzin alla guida". Il Sole 24 ORE. 29 December 2017.
- ^ "Antonio Gentile, il sottosegretario lascia Ap e vota Forza Italia. "Ma resta al governo. Indecoroso spettacolo" – Il Fatto Quotidiano". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 31 December 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
- ^ "Presentato il simbolo AP per le elezioni europee 2019". 7 April 2019. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019.
- ^ "Europee 2019, i simboli uno per uno".
- ^ "Europee, tra i simboli spunta il Pci e quello del partito di Alfano. l'Esperto: "Incredibile"". 7 April 2019.
- ^ "On. Beatrice Lorenzin (Civica Popolare): Pd, buon lavoro a tutta la nuova squadra verso una nuova idea d'Europa - Agenpress". Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
- ^ "Spagna: Lorenzin (Civica popolare), i sovranisti si possono battere".
- ^ "Forza Italia, liste candidati Europee 2019/ Berlusconi, "torno in campo"". 17 April 2019.
- ^ La scelta di Lorenzin: “Entro nel Pd”
- ^ Beatrice Lorenzin entrerà nel Partito Democratico
- ^ Partito di Renzi, ecco la lista dei 40 deputati e senatori che passano a Italia Viva
- ^ «Italia Viva»: la lista dei (primi) 41 parlamentari che seguono Renzi
- ^ "Stefano Bandecchi, Coordinatore Nazionale di Alternativa Popolare, "La mia storia è la mia testimone" | Alternativa Popolare".
- ^ "Terni, Bandecchi eletto sindaco con il 54,6%. Il patron della Ternana: "Un grande onore"". 29 May 2023.
- ^ Curridori, Francesco (4 May 2024). "La Cassazione salva Ap nel Nord, ma boccia il partito Animalista". Il Giornale (in Italian).
- ^ "Eligendo: Europee [Votanti] Italia (Italia) - Europee, amministrative e regionale (Piemonte) 8-9 giugno 2024 - Ministero dell'Interno". Eligendo (in Italian). Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Pd-azzurri: asse sui diritti (senza Ncd)". Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
- ^ "Unioni civili sono legge: M5s si astiene. Lega e Fdi contro. Renzi: "E' un giorno di festa". Le destre: "Referendum"". Il Fatto Quotidiano. 11 May 2016.
- ^ "GENDER A SCUOLA: NELLA RIFORMA IL TRUCCO C'E' MA NON SI VEDE". 27 June 2015.
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- ^ "ADDIO NCD/ Massimiliano Salini lascia Lupi e torna in Forza Italia". 25 September 2015.
- ^ "Renato Schifani torna in Forza Italia". LaStampa.it. 4 August 2016.
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